自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
目录高能潮汐河岸
该生态群包括主要潮汐河流及其较大支流沿岸低潮间带狭窄潮滩、海岸、栅栏和河道边缘的小块草本植被。与邻近的沼泽地相比，潮汐波动、湍流、冲刷以及海浪、风和冰对底质的冲刷在这些生境中更为明显，而且似乎与植被组成的相关性比与当时的盐度制度的相关性更大。该类植被所占据的底质在潮汐等级中相对较粗，既有沙、粉砂、粘土和卵石的混合物，也有有机物含量较低的粗砾石和卵石。不过，能量稍低的河道边缘土壤可能由有机质含量较高的泥质粘土和极细粉土组成。这些栖息地一般在退潮时露出水面，但在春潮时仍会被淹没。
Vegetation of high-energy tidal shores varies from sparse to dense, but tends to be low-statured (< 1 m tall, often much less). Unlike most marshes, these communities occur in linear patches, chiefly < 10 m wide, and most occur under both freshwater and oligohaline regimes. Composition appears to vary with substrate and other environmental dynamics. Species of bulrush, particularly common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens var. pungens) and soft-stem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), are characteristic of most sites. Common threesquare dominates gravelly shores of the tidal Potomac River in northern Virginia, where ice scouring is most frequent. Vegetation of sandy habitats subject to greater periodic turbulence tends to be sparse and contain low annuals and perennials such as shore quillwort (Isoetes riparia), Parker's pipewort (Eriocaulon parkeri), dotted smartweed (Persicaria punctata), dwarf arrowhead (Sagittaria subulata), grass-leaved arrowhead (Sagittaria graminea), American waterwort (Elatine americana), flatsedges (Cyperus spp.), common water-purslane (Ludwigia palustris), and golden club (Orontium aquaticum). Common water-willow (Justicia americana) often forms dominance patches on clayey mudflats and bars. Vegetation of mucky channel edges is usually taller and contains common threesquare, soft-stem bulrush, and square-stem spikerush (Eleocharis quadrangulata), along with pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata var. cordata), arrow-arum (Peltandra virginica), wild rice (Zizania aquatica var. aquatica), tidal-marsh amaranth (Amaranthus cannabinus), swamp barnyard grass (Echinochloa walteri), and other more typical marsh species.
参考文献：Coulling 2002 、Walton等人2001 。
© DCR-DNH，加里·P·弗莱明。
代表性社区类型：
通过分析来自31地块样本 (图1 ) 的数据，已将 {cph0} 划分为四种社区类型，这是对798弗吉尼亚州和马里兰州潮汐地块 (NatureServe 正在准备中) 进行全面分类的一部分。下面列出的第一个社区类型相对稳健，并得到定量数据的良好支持。其他三个社区得到了有限的地块数据和观察结果的支持，与 USNVC 中的描述一致。在某些情况下（例如CEGL 006058和 CEGL 006352 ），这些类型在概念上似乎相似，并且在植物区系上有所重叠。需要进行额外的数据收集和分析来确定是否应该将它们合并到更广泛的单位中。单击下面任何突出显示的 CEGL 代码即可查看NatureServe Explorer 提供的全球 USNVC 描述。
下载下面列出的每个社区类型的组成汇总统计电子表格。
