自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
目录阿巴拉契亚沼泽
与渗流沼泽一样，该群落占据了弗吉尼亚山区谷底和源头溪流沿线平坦至缓坡的地下水排泄区。然而，林分地貌更加开阔，其特点是饱和的稀疏林地、灌木丛和草本植被，其中含有密集的禾本科植物。阿巴拉契亚沼泽分布在阿巴拉契亚山脉中部和南部，从宾夕法尼亚州和马里兰州西部，向南到佐治亚州，向西到肯塔基州。在弗吉尼亚州，沼泽栖息地的面积通常小于0 . 4公顷（ 1英亩），但在蓝岭山脉南部（罗杰斯山地区）和西南山脊与山谷地区，沼泽栖息地的面积很少达到4公顷（ 10英亩）。该州记录的此类事件不到二十起。土壤成分多种多样，从纯矿物质到表层或深层泥炭，都具有极强的酸性，适合泥炭藓和其他苔藓的茂密生长。用“沼泽”一词来描述这些湿地，是一种技术上的错误称呼，因为并非所有这些栖息地都是真正的泥炭地，而且没有一个是雨养系统。然而，这个术语现在在美国东南部被广泛用于描述开放的酸性渗流湿地（特别是那些含有丰富泥炭藓的湿地）。我们在这里采用它是为了保持一致性（有关更多讨论，请参阅 Weakley 和 Schafale ( 1994 )）。这些自然稀有群落的生态动态尚不十分清楚，许多群落目前正遭受灌木和树木的入侵。可能导致形成和维持露天沼泽的因素包括火灾、放牧、海狸和不稳定土壤的深层沉积。
Bog vegetation is frequently a mosaic of tree or shrub patches and herbaceous openings. Several compositional variants associated with geography and elevation have been documented in Virginia. Species common to most variants include great rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum), Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), silky willow (Salix sericea), smooth alder (Alnus serrulata), cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), tawny cottongrass (Eriophorum virginicum), prickly bog sedge (Carex atlantica), Fraser's marsh St. Johns-wort (Triadenum fraseri) , and brownish beaksedge (Rhynchospora capitellata). Species more restricted to low-elevation (below 900 m [3000 ft]) bogs of the Ridge and Valley and Cumberland Mountains include pitch pine (Pinus rigida), round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia ), bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus), tussock sedge (Carex stricta), tuberous grass-pink (Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus), yellow fringed orchid (Platanthera ciliaris), and Nuttall's reed-grass (Calamagrostis coarctata). Species more restricted to higher-elevation (mostly above 900 m [3000 ft]) bogs of the southern Blue Ridge, Allegheny Mountains, and/or the highest mountains of the Ridge and Valley include stunted red spruce (Picea rubens), long-stalked holly (Ilex collina), northern wild raisin (Viburnum cassinoides), Carolina laurel (Kalmia carolina), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), rough-leaved goldenrod (Solidago patula), Cuthbert's turtlehead (Chelone cuthbertii), bog goldenrod (Solidago uliginosa var. uliginosa), star sedge (Carex echinata ssp. echinata), narrow-leaf bur-reed (Sparganium acaule), bog willow-herb (Epilobium leptophyllum), narrow-panicled rush (Juncus brevicaudatus), three-seeded sedge (Carex trisperma), Ruth's sedge (Carex ruthii), and thyme-leaf bluets (Houstonia serpyllifolia).
参考文献：Chappell ( 1972 )、Fleming 和 Coulling ( 2001 )、Musselman ( 1970 )、Ogle ( 1982 )、Fleming 和 Moorhead ( 1996 )。
© DCR-DNH，加里·P·弗莱明。
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