自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
目录沿海平原洼地沼泽和池塘
这片多样化、排水不良的盆地湿地具有平坦的沿海平原阶地特征，其地下水位随季节变化而波动。类似的湿地遍布整个大西洋中部沿海平原。弗吉尼亚州此类群落最有记录的例子是位于约克县半岛的格拉夫顿池塘，但其他规模较大的群落则位于丁威迪县、萨里县、怀特岛县、格洛斯特县和马修斯县的沿海平原阶地上。其中还包括德拉蒙德湖季节性暴露的湖岸，它是大沼泽地中一个1 , 287公顷（ 3 , 180英亩）的天然盆地。在詹姆斯河以南，该群体中的两种群落类型延伸至皮埃蒙特东部，在那里它们与硬盘土壤有关。这些湿地大多会因季节性洪水而被淹没，据信是由于底层富含碳酸盐的贝壳泥灰岩沉积物溶解而形成的落水洞。泥灰岩沉积物太深，不足以影响洼地的土壤或水化学性质，在大多数情况下，洼地的土壤或水化学性质都是强酸性的。弗吉尼亚州东南部的一些洼地似乎源于深层泥炭烧尽。尽管“春池”一词已适用于该群体中的一些群落，但该名称无法很好地描述水文特征以及许多群落的庞大规模。
Vegetation in this group varies from forested to entirely herbaceous, representing a sizeable number of distinct community types. Depth and duration of seasonal inundation are apparently the most important factors influencing community composition and the degree to which woody species become established. Dry-season fires in adjacent uplands may spread into ponds and may be another factor limiting the invasion of woody species, although fire frequencies throughout the region have been much reduced in recent decades. Typical trees occurring in wooded ponds are red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), willow oak (Quercus phellos), overcup oak (Quercus lyrata), and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). Shrubs that dominate some ponds include buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), swamp loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus), common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), and fetterbush (Eubotrys racemosus). Herbs characteristic of these communities are well adapted to long periods of submersion. Included are southern waxy sedge (Carex glaucescens), cypress-swamp sedge (Carex joorii), Walter's sedge (Carex striata var. brevis), long-tubercled spikerush (Eleocharis tuberculosa), square-stem spikerush (Eleocharis quadrangulata), creeping rush (Juncus repens), narrow-leaved seedbox (Ludwigia linearis), globe-fruited seedbox (Ludwigia sphaerocarpa), tall flat panic grass (Coleataenia rigidula ssp. rigidula), warty panic grass (Kellochloa verrucosa ), mermaid-weeds (Proserpinaca palustris and Proserpinaca pectinata), short-bristled horned beaksedge (Rhynchospora corniculata), narrow plumegrass (Erianthus strictus), woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus), and pale mannagrass (Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida).
沿海平原洼地沼泽和池塘是相对罕见的小块群落，为该州珍稀动物鸡龟（ Deirochelys reticularia ）和三种州列为两栖动物提供了重要的栖息地：马氏蝾螈（ Ambystoma mabeei ）、虎皮蝾螈（ Ambystoma tigrinum ）和吠树蛙（ Hyla gratiosa ）。此外，全球珍稀植物哈氏飘逸花（ Fimbristylis perpusilla ）和水葱（ Litsea aestivalis ）也仅限于弗吉尼亚州的这些栖息地。
参考文献：Fleming 和 Moorhead ( 1998 )、Rawinski ( 1997 )。
© DCR-DNH，加里·P·弗莱明。
下载下面列出的每个社区类型的组成汇总统计电子表格。
