自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
Due to the expected impact of the winter storm, all Virginia State Park overnight facilities will be closed from Friday, Jan. 23 through Tuesday, Jan. 27. This decision is based on the forecast for unsafe conditions and potential power outages. For updates click here.
目录沿海平原/山麓渗流沼泽
该组的饱和灌木和草本植被占据贫营养泉源、渗流坡，以及较少出现的小源头溪流底部。这些遗址分散在整个沿海平原（海洋区除外）和外山麓地区，通常位于较低或坡脚处，地下水被不透水的粘土层挤压到地表。表层土壤通常为泥炭土或沙土，酸性极强，贫瘠，并覆盖着茂密的泥炭藓。用“沼泽”一词来描述这些湿地是一个技术上的错误，因为大多数这些栖息地并不是真正的泥炭地，而且都不是雨养系统。然而，这个术语现在在美国东南部被广泛用于描述开放的酸性渗流湿地，因此我们在这里采用了它以保持一致性（有关更多讨论，请参阅 Weakley 和 Schafale 1994 ）。尽管弗吉尼亚州早期的植物探险家经常报告开放的沼泽栖息地，但这些小群落的自然实例几乎因数十年的防火、水文改变（开沟、排水和蓄水）或彻底的破坏而被消灭。作为一种生态过程，火的消失使得许多以前的沼泽地长满了灌木和树木。匡蒂科海军陆战队基地（福基耶县和威廉王子县）、AP 希尔堡（卡罗琳县）和皮克特堡（诺托威县）的军事基地训练（“影响”）区就是很好的例子，这些地方的栖息地在过去75年里经常遭受纵火焚烧。电力线空地上经常出现人工维护的沼泽栖息地。
The vegetation of seepage bogs is usually a mosaic of scattered trees, shrub patches, and graminoid-dominated herbaceous patches. Typical woody species include sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana), poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix), highbush blueberries (Vaccinium fuscatum, and Vaccinium formosum), possum-haw (Viburnum nudum), and smooth alder (Alnus serrulata). Among the most abundant herbaceous species, are twisted spikerush (Eleocharis tortilis), beakrushes (Rhynchospora spp.), narrow-leaved bluestem (Andropogon perangustatus), panic grasses (Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum and Dichanthelium lucidum), hairy umbrella-sedge (Fuirena squarrosa), meadow-beauties (Rhexia mariana var. mariana, Rhexia nashii, and Rhexia petiolata), clubmosses (Lycopodiella alopecuroides and Lycopodiella appressa), sundews (Drosera brevifolia, Drosera capillaris, and Drosera rotundifolia ), tawny cotton-grass (Eriophorum virginicum), bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus), Nuttall's reed-grass (Calamagrostis coarctata), yellow-eyed-grasses (Xyris spp.), yellow milkwort (Polygala lutea), and vervain thoroughwort (Eupatorium pilosum). Other, less abundant, but nevertheless diagnostic, species of these bogs include red milkweed (Asclepias rubra), Rafinesque's seedbox (Ludwigia hirtella), large white fringed orchid (Platanthera blephariglottis), crossleaf milkwort (Polygala cruciata var. cruciata), purple pitcher-plant (Sarracenia purpurea ssp. venosa and ssp. purpurea), and large-flowered camas (Zigadenus glaberrimus). A large number of state-rare plants and several state-rare odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) are associated with seepage bogs.
在华盛顿特区大区的瀑布线地带，大型阶地砾石沉积物上出现的独特沼泽在近一个世纪前就已被 McAtee ( 1918 ) 详细记录下来。虽然这些沼泽大部分位于马里兰州和哥伦比亚特区，后来因开发而被摧毁，但在弗吉尼亚州北部郊区仍有至少两处残余。
参考文献：Fleming ( 2002 a)、Fleming等人( 2001 )、McAtee ( 1918 )。
© DCR-DNH，加里·P·弗莱明。
下载下面列出的每个社区类型的组成汇总统计电子表格。
