自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
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目录山地/山麓基本林地
该群体由落叶林和混合林组成，其栖息地为干旱多岩石的栖息地，位于辉绿岩、辉长岩、变玄武岩（绿岩）和角闪岩等镁铁质基质上。一些例子出现在富含基底的花岗岩、钙质页岩和钙质砂岩的栖息地中。弗吉尼亚州的矿藏广泛分布于山区和皮埃蒙特山麓，经常以斑块状的形式出现在裸露的荒地上。它们在北蓝岭的变质玄武岩地区最为常见（但仍然非常局部）。栖息地位于朝南向西的山坡上，有许多露头和浅而多岩石的土壤，干燥但相对肥沃，钙和镁的含量中等至高。
Although oaks (Quercus spp.) are frequent (sometimes co-dominant) components, these woodlands are more often dominated by variable mixtures of white ash (Fraxinus americana) and hickories (Carya spp.), often with eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) or Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) as a major associate. Trees are usually stunted and form an open or sparse overstory. Typical understory trees and shrubs include eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis var. canadensis), eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius var. opulifolius), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), aromatic sumac (Rhus aromatica var. aromatica), hackberries (Celtis occidentalis and Celtis pumila), hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata var. trifoliata), and pasture rose (Rosa carolina var. carolina). These woodlands contain a surprisingly diverse array of herbaceous graminoids and forbs; a few of the more widespread, representative species are cliff muhly (Muhlenbergia sobolifera), elm-leaved goldenrod (Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia), bottlebrush grass (Elymus hystrix), Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica), woodland sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus), Appalachian phacelia (Phacelia dubia var. dubia), hoary mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum incanum var. incanum), smooth blue asters (Symphyotrichum laeve and Symphyotrichum concinnum), Virginia spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana), and narrow-leaved vervain (Verbena simplex). Unusual stands that occur on concave slopes at two sites have herb layers dominated by river-oats (Chasmanthium latifolium).
山地/山麓基本林地类似于干燥的石灰岩森林和林地，但通常缺乏后者特有的嗜钙物种，如栗橡树 ( Quercus muehlenbergii )、黑枫 ( Acer nigrum )、卡罗来纳鼠李 ( Frangula caroliniana ) 和美国喙谷松 ( Diarrhena americana )。弗吉尼亚州的大多数山地/山麓基本林地代表着单一的、州级的和全球罕见的群落类型。尽管从更西部引进的灌木珊瑚莓（ Symphoricarpos orbiculatus ）在某些林分中是一种令人头疼的入侵物种，但威胁却很小。此外，这些林地中主要的白蜡树种目前因昆虫病原体翡翠灰螟的爆发而大量死亡。
参考文献：Coulling 和 Rawinski ( 1999 )、Fleming ( 2002 a)、Fleming 和 Coulling ( 2001 )、Fleming等人( 2007 )、Rawinski等人。（ 1996 ）。
© DCR-DNH，加里·P·弗莱明。
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