自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
Due to the expected impact of the winter storm, all Virginia State Park overnight facilities will be closed from Friday, Jan. 23 through Tuesday, Jan. 27. This decision is based on the forecast for unsafe conditions and potential power outages. For updates click here.
目录沿海高地森林
该组包含常绿和混合沿海森林，物种丰富度较低。栖息地包括避风处、海边和海湾边的沙丘和沙滩，通常不受盐雾的影响。类似的森林分布在从特拉华州到德克萨斯州的大西洋和墨西哥湾沿岸。
Pine-dominated maritime forests are distributed along the length of the outer Coastal Plain maritime zone and barrier islands in Virginia, including the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Soils in these habitats often accumulate thick duff layers up to 15 cm (6 in) thick, which may be the result of a suppressed fire regime in some stands. The upper mineral soil horizon is dark sand or very sandy clay, and the water table may be relatively close to the surface. Forest overstories vary from nearly pure loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), to mixtures of pine, black cherry (Prunus serotina var. serotina), southern red oak (Quercus falcata), black oak (Quercus velutina), willow oak (Quercus phellos), and occasionally other hardwoods. These stands have sparse to dense understories of red maple (Acer rubrum), black cherry (Prunus serotina var. serotina), and sassafras (Sassafras albidum). Shrubs, which vary greatly in cover, include wax myrtle (Morella cerifera) and highbush blueberries (Vaccinium formosum, and Vaccinium fuscatum). Muscadine grape (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia) and greenbriers (Smilax rotundifolia and Smilax bona-nox) are quite common throughout. Although the overstory and shrub strata can be quite dense, the herb layer is usually sparse and floristically depauperate. Slender spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) is one of the few herbaceous plants that may be abundant. In addition to natural wind disturbances, extensive cutting and other human disturbances have likely favored an increase of loblolly pine and a reduction of hardwoods in this type during the post-settlement era.
以落叶乔木为主的海滨森林集中在弗吉尼亚州东南部（弗吉尼亚海滩市）亨利角的避风沙丘上。栖息地通常位于海湾沙丘或旧沙丘的背风坡上，远离盐雾和风。土壤为排水良好至排水迅速、缺乏养分的沙土和沙壤土。上层林木由多种树木组成，包括南方红橡树 ( Quercus falcata )、水栎 ( Quercus nigra )、星栎 ( Quercus stellata )、山核桃 ( Carya glabra 、 Carya pallida和Carya tomentosa ) 和黑樱桃 ( Prunus serotina var. serotina )，通常还会出现一些火炬松。干燥林分的林下层可能非常稀疏，而中生林分中通常含有美国冬青 ( Ilex opaca var. opaca )、普通甜叶树 ( Synplocos tinctoria )、野橄榄 ( Cartrema americanum )、美国紫珠 ( Callicarpa americana ) 和“月桂”树种，如桃金娘 ( 两种树种分别是红湾树（ Persea palustris ）和莫雷拉树（ Morella cerifera ）。草本层通常覆盖着浓密的绿蔷薇 ( Smilax rotundifolia ) 和圆叶葡萄 ( Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia )；真正的草本植物通常很稀疏。
以阔叶常绿树为主的混合沿海森林延伸至弗吉尼亚东南海岸的最北端，仅限于福尔斯角和亨利角（弗吉尼亚海滩市）及其附近的地区。栖息地是沙丘后部和稳定沙丘的背风面，可以免受海洋盐雾的侵袭。活橡树（ Quercus virginiana ）是与火炬松（ Pinus taeda ）混合的优势树种，少数还有沙月桂橡树（ Quercus hemisphaerica ）和黑樱桃（ Prunus serotina var. serotina ）。典型的林下植物包括毒藤（ Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans ）、绿蔷薇（ Smilax rotundifolia ）、蜡桃金娘（ Morella cerifera ）、普通柿子（ Diospyros virginiana ）、美国冬青（ Ilex opaca var. opaca ）、yaupon（ Ilex vomitoria ）和高丛蓝莓（ Vaccinium formosum和Vaccinium fuscatum ）。地面植被稀疏，由一层薄薄的干燥坚韧的橡树叶和零星的草本植物组成，例如黄茉莉（ Gelsemium sempervirens ）和草叶金紫菀（ 常见的有细穗草 （Pityopsis nervosa ）以及细穗草。在弗吉尼亚州，两种该州罕见的蛾类，橙色全足蛾 ( Panopoda repanda ) 和夜蛾 ( Metria amella) ，以该群落中的活橡树为食。
由于分布范围受限、栖息地要求狭窄以及沿海开发的威胁，该组中的所有群落类型都被视为全球稀有物种。
参考文献：Clampitt ( 1991 )、Harvill ( 1967 )、Levy ( 1983 )、大自然保护协会 ( 1997 )。
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