自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
目录池塘松林和波科辛斯
This ecological group is characterized by coniferous, pyrophytic woodlands of saturated, oligotrophic, Coastal Plain peatlands. These communities are restricted to southeastern Virginia, eastern North Carolina, and northeastern South Carolina. Although no doubt more widespread in the pre-settlement Virginia landscape, only a few remnants of these communities are currently found in the extreme southeastern part of the state. The largest extant occurrences are in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (Cities of Suffolk and Chesapeake) and on remote peat flats beyond the range of wind-tidal flooding along the North Landing River (City of Virginia Beach) and Northwest River (City of Chesapeake). Pond Pine Woodlands and Pocosins have high biomass and consist largely of inflammable woody plants that are specially adapted to frequent, intense burning. All present-day examples in Virginia suffer to some extent from a reduction in fire frequencies or complete suppression of fires. Stand physiognomy and composition reflect responses to gradients of fire frequency and peat depth. Stands known as "high pocosins" are associated with deeper organic soils and more frequent fires; these have only scattered, stunted pond pines (Pinus serotina) emergent from nearly impenetrable evergreen shrub thickets dominated by shining fetterbush (Lyonia lucida), inkberry (Ilex glabra), Carolina laurel (Kalmia carolina), and laurel-leaf greenbrier (Smilax laurifolia). Stands associated with superficial peat and/or longer periods without fire often develop nearly closed canopies of larger pond pines, understories of red maple (Acer rubrum), sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana), and red bay (Persea palustris), and less dense shrub layers that contain more deciduous species. Few herbaceous species except Virginia chain fern (Anchistea virginica) thrive in pond pine woodlands.
在火灾重现间隔很短的迪斯默尔沼泽地区，曾经常见到池塘松林覆盖在茂密的藤条 ( Arundinaria tecta ) 上，这些藤条被称为“藤丛”。由于防火措施，这些森林已陆续被非河流森林所取代，尽管在电力线通行权中仍保留着非天然类似物，需要通过割草和除草剂来维护。
池塘松林和波科辛的植物种类与泥炭地大西洋白雪松森林和混合常绿非河流沼泽森林相似。它们与前者的区别在于，前者以林冠为主，灌木密度更大，并且与泥炭地相关，而泥炭地以前的火灾重现间隔要短得多。非河流沼泽森林（混合常绿类型）具有更加多样化的树冠，占据沙丘或古老沙丘地区的湿润洼地，并且泥炭深度和火灾频率可能与池松群落不同。由于分裂和缺乏持续的火灾频率，该群体的群落在全球范围内稀有，正在迅速衰落，并且几乎无法生存。
参考文献：Dean（ 1969 ），Focazio等人。（ 1998 ）、弗莱明和摩尔黑德（ 1998 ）、弗罗斯特（ 1995 ）、史蒂文斯和帕特森（ 1998 ）。
© DCR-DNH，托马斯·J·拉温斯基。
下载下面列出的每个社区类型的组成汇总统计电子表格。
