自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
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目录基本中生代森林
Dominant trees include tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis), basswoods (Tilia americana var. americana and var. heterophylla), white ash (Fraxinus americana), black walnut (Juglans nigra), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra). Chinquapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), black maple (Acer nigrum), and southern sugar maple (Acer floridanum) are important in some of the community types. Shrub and herb layers contain a number of species that are atypical of mountain slopes, such as pawpaw (Asimina triloba), painted buckeye (Aesculus sylvatica), twinleaf (Jeffersonia diphylla), harbinger-of-spring (Erigenia bulbosa), lowland bladder fern (Cystopteris protrusa), and toadshade (Trillium sessile). Widespread herbs include species such as northern maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum), hog-peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata), puttyroot (Aplectrum hyemale), common jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum), common wild ginger (Asarum canadense), common black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), large yellow lady's-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens), silvery spleenwort (Deparia acrostichoides), squirrel corn (Dicentra canadensis), Dutchman's breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), showy orchis (Galearis spectabilis), round-lobed hepatica (Anemone americana), green violet (Cubelium concolor), pennywort (Obolaria virginica), aniseroot (Osmorhiza longistylis), broad beech fern (Phegopteris hexagonoptera), mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum), bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), small-flower baby-blue-eyes (Nemophila aphylla), and heart-leaved foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia).
迄今为止分类的五种社区类型是按地理位置和相关基质划分的。穿过山谷和山麓的石灰岩和其他富含钙质的基质的溪流所依附的山坡，支持着一种独特的群落类型，其特点是双叶、矮飞燕草 ( Delphinium tricorne )、阔叶水叶 ( Hydrophyllum canadense ) 和其他春季短命植物的茂盛生长。詹姆斯市、约克县和萨福克市的沿海平原沟壑已经切入第三纪贝壳沉积物，养育了一种特有的群落类型，其中有大量的南部糖枫和许多值得注意的山间断层。
基本中生森林是富饶湾森林和斜坡森林的低海拔类似物。除弗吉尼亚州西北部和中西部山谷的林地外，它们都出现在非山地环境中，并包含大量仅限于弗吉尼亚州低海拔地区的物种。由于反复砍伐和入侵性杂草，基本中生森林的范围和生存力已大大减少。
参考文献：Fleming ( 1999 )、Fleming ( 2002 a)、Fleming ( 2002 b)、Fleming 等人 ( 2007 )、Fleming 和 Coulling ( 2001 )、Fleming 和 Patterson ( 2004 )、Rawinski等人( 1996 )、Vanderhorst ( 2000 )、Walton等人( 2001 )、Ware 和 Ware ( 1992 )。
© DCR-DNH，加里·P·弗莱明。
下载下面列出的每个社区类型的组成汇总统计电子表格。
