自然保护与休闲部保护·守护·共享
自然保护与休闲部
目录洪泛区池塘和水池
Semipermanently to permanently flooded ponds or pools are uncommon natural features of major Coastal Plain and Piedmont floodplains. These wetlands are typically developed in abandoned oxbows and cut-off meanders, ranging in size from less than 0.01 ha to about four ha (0.2 to 10 ac). Community composition is probably influenced by a combination of environmental factors, including flooding regime, water depths, soil fertility, and degree of shading. Dominant vegetation varies from woodlands and shrublands in shallower, semipermanently flooded ponds to submerged or floating aquatics in deeper ponds. Scattered bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), tupelos (Nyssa aquatica and Nyssa biflora), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), or red maple (Acer rubrum) are sometimes rooted in large Coastal Plain oxbow ponds. More often, shrublands dominated by buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) or swamp loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus), or non-tidal marshes dominated by arrow-arum (Peltandra virginica), smartweeds (Persicaria spp.), and swamp rose-mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos), are established. In the more deeply flooded ponds, aquatic species prevail, with or without scattered shrubs and emergents such as Virginia chain fern (Woodwardia virginica), sedges (Carex spp.), and eastern mannagrass (Glyceria septentrionalis). Typical aquatics include common mermaid-weed (Proserpinaca palustris), bladderworts (Utricularia spp.), common spatterdock (Nuphar advena), duckweeds (Lemna spp.), duckmeal (Spirodela spp.), large water-starwort (Callitriche heterophylla var. heterophylla), water shield (Brasenia schreberi), hornworts (Ceratophyllum spp.), waterweeds (Elodea spp.), American frog's-bit (Limnobium spongia), pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.), eastern mosquito fern (Azolla caroliniana), milfoils (Myriophyllum spp.), and shade mudflower (Micranthemum umbrosum).
在这些群落中发现的至少两种水生植物，黄水毛茛（ Ranunculus flabellaris ）和羽状花（ Hottonia inflata ），是州内稀有或不常见的。尽管非潮汐沼泽似乎更多地与海狸池塘有关（参见半永久性蓄水池生态社区组），但在弗吉尼亚州东部的帕芒基河大牛轭湖中也存在非潮汐沼泽。该群体中的湿地是龟类和两栖动物的重要繁殖栖息地，其中包括该州珍稀的鼹鼠蝾螈（ Ambystoma talpoideum ）。发育良好的洪泛区池塘和水池似乎是相当罕见的群落，需要进行大量额外的清查和研究。参考文献：Fleming ( 2007 )、Walton等人( 2001 )。
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